Islamic Algorithms: How Digital Platform Algorithms Shape Islamic Communication Strategies and Religious Authorities

Abstract

This study examines how digital platform algorithms fundamentally reshape Islamic communication strategies and the structure of religious authority in contemporary Indonesia. Through a qualitative approach that combines framing analysis and virtual ethnography, the study investigated six prominent ustadz content creators on YouTube and Instagram to understand their adaptive strategies in navigating algorithmic demands. The study reveals three critical findings: first, algorithms prioritize engagement-driven content over scientific credentials, creating a new form of algorithmic religious authority in which popularity replaces traditional Islamic scholarship; second, religious leaders deliberately adjust their da'wah strategies by using short-form videos, clickbait titles, and virality-oriented content to meet the platform's logic; third, a significant tension arises between maintaining authentic Islamic teachings and meeting algorithmic requirements for visibility. A comparative analysis of viral and non-viral Islamic content shows that algorithm-favored content often simplifies complex religious discourse, potentially compromising theological depth. This research introduces the concept of algorithmic religious authority and provides critical insights into the platformization of religion. These findings recommend that Islamic educational institutions develop a digital literacy framework to balance algorithmic adaptation with scientific integrity, ensuring quality religious understanding among Muslim communities in the digital age while maintaining the authenticity of Islamic teachings.